Goods and Services Tax (GST) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Products and Ventures Tax (GST) - Essay Example The current research has recognized that merchandise and enterprises charge (GST) is supposed to be roundabout and expansive based in light of the fact that it is charged relying upon the gracefully or exercises of good and administrations as opposed to being charged legitimately on pay. Likewise, these charges are applied for the most part to all citizens with a couple of constraints. Tax assessment under GST is applied to the products and ventures that are utilized by shoppers, implying that, this framework is an utilization tax collection framework. A stage procedure is utilized in the assortment of expenses under GST, to ensure that duty is imposed at each phase of the creation chain, and furthermore to permit providers of products and ventures who are enlisted to guarantee the credit on charge paid to their information sources. In spite of the fact that the expense is charged at each stage, the duty is paid at last by the shopper toward the end spot. For a firm to have the optio n to assume praise on GST, they should be enlisted. Consequently, on the off chance that they don't make a difference to be enrolled under GST, they are treated as the end purchasers and can just appreciate the GST credit they bring about. GST is characterized into three sorts of provisions to be specific; available supplies, input charge supplies, and GST free supplies. GST obligation is made out of gracefully, however it isn't made by the GST enlisted substance. The standards of GST don't have any significant bearing if the provisions of either products or administrations came to constrain before first July 2000, and in agreement to set uncommon principles, endowments, when flexibly is made by substances not enrolled, or which are not required to enlist and when the exchanges included are not associated with Australia. So as to enroll Tiles Pty Ltd under GST framework, the administration needs to guarantee that the firm fulfills the accompanying necessities as specified under sect ion 2, section 2-5 division 23 of the demonstration. The principle significance of enrollment is because of the accompanying: - GST is just payable on any provisions for enlisted substances just Credits for input charge can't be asserted except if the element is enrolled GST returns are just held up for enlisted elements Under the products and ventures act, an element structure may incorporate an individual, a sole corporate, an organization body, a political body, an organization, a trust and a unincorporated affiliation or group of people. Tiles Galore Pty Ltd is a little estimated partnership, implying that, it falls under an element structure required to be enlisted. Subsequently, the firm can apply to be enlisted by ATO for GST. Enlistment prerequisites are in sec 23-5; it expresses that a substance is enrolled It is an endeavor Annual turnover meets the edge for enlistment turnover The term element is expansive in definition and incorporates different legitimate people as port rayed here beneath; The trustee is that element that should enlist for GST and ABN The associations are those elements that should enlist for GST however not for singular accomplices It consequently involves that under segment 23-10, an element can't be enlisted on the off chance that it doesn't convey or expect to continue with an undertaking. It is discretionary for that substance to enroll in the event that it carries on an endeavor yet doesn't meet the limit for enlistment. Supplies fall under different areas specifically; available supplies, GST free supplies, and info burdened supplies. Different sorts are importations and those that fall outside the extent of the GST. Available supplies are determinant factors in administering whether a specific exchange merits falling under GST.

Leonardos list of inventions Essay Example For Students

Leonardos rundown of creations Essay Anemometer-helicopter-ornithology-Dad Vinci was captivated by feathered creatures. He watched them, portrayed them and acquired thoughts from them for his creations. One of the consequences of this interest was the ornithology, a gadget brought about by father Vinci that would hypothetically have permitted people to take off through the air like feathered creatures. While father Vines parachute would have permitted a person to Jump off a precipice without being harmed, the ornithology was really a route for individuals to take off the ground and into the air. On paper, the reconsider looks considerably more birdlike (or fatlike) than present-day planes. Its wings are intended to fold as the pilot turns a wrench. This innovation exhibits father Vines solid handle of optimal design and present day endeavors to replicate the ornithology show that it could without a doubt have flown that is, on the off chance that it were at that point noticeable all around. Taking off under the feeble impetus provided by human muscles would have been a lot trickier. The parachute and ornithology were just two of the flying machines created by father Vinci in his scratch pad. Others incorporate a lightweight flyer and his helicopter-like airborne screw, which well discussion about in a couple of pages. Parachute-The speed at which a body falls relies upon two factors: the power of the gravity pulling it descending and the obstruction of the air through which it is falling. In the event that there were no environment, a falling body would just quicken to ever more elevated rates until it hit a surface, yet air will in general back it off until it arrives at its supposed maximum speed. Various items have diverse maximum speeds. The maximum speed of an individual falling through the earths environment a skydiver with an unopened chute, for example is around 120 MPH (193. 1 kilometers for each hour). That is shockingly moderate, yet at the same time quick enough that an individual tumbling from a plane would make an entirely huge splat after hitting the ground. The possibility of a parachute is to diminish a people maximum speed and make a long fall survivable. Father Vinci, who was captivated by the possibility of human flight, considered his parachute as a path for individuals o float smoothly through the air. Its pyramid-molded structure was hung with fabric. As father Vinci wrote in his note pads, it would permit a man to hurl himself down from any incredible stature without enduring any injury. Twenty-first century endeavors to construct the structure recommend that it would have worked basically as father Vinci depicted. 33-surged organ defensively covered vehicle goliath crossbow triple barrel standard mechanical knight eight hurtle assault rifle self moved truck Leonardo rundown of creations By Correctional

Alcohol Screening Tests Ideal for Healthcare Settings

Alcohol Screening Tests Ideal for Healthcare Settings More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery An alcohol screening test helps determine if you abuse alcohol  or have alcohol use disorder. An emergency room might use a short test that makes a determination based on the first question, while a mental health professional has time to administer a longer test with more questions. The reliability of shorter tests may not be as high as the longer ones. After the initial diagnosis, a longer test helps determine if your case of alcohol use disorder is mild, moderate, or severe. The CAGE Test One of the oldest and most popular screening tools for alcohol abuse is the CAGE test, which is a short, four-question test that diagnoses alcohol problems over a lifetime. CAGE Test C - Have you ever felt you should cut down on your drinking?A - Have people annoyed you by criticizing your drinking?G - Have you ever felt bad or guilty about your drinking?E - Have you ever had a drink first thing in the morning (eye-opener) to steady your nerves or to get rid of a hangover? Two yes answers  indicates a  problem with alcohol. The disadvantages of the CAGE test is its not very accurate for older people, white women, and African- and Mexican-Americans. The T-ACE Test The T-ACE test has four questions, including three from the CAGE test, but has proven  more accurate in diagnosing alcohol problems in both men and women. T-ACE Test T - Does it take more than three drinks to make you feel high?A - Have you ever been annoyed by peoples criticism of your drinking?C - Are you trying to cut down on drinking?E - Have you ever used alcohol as an eye opener in the morning (having a drink when you wake up to stave off a hangover, for example?). Two yes answers indicates possible alcohol abuse or dependence. The AUDIT Test One of the most accurate tests is the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Its accurate up to 94% of the time  across ethnic and gender groups. It has 10 multiple choice questions scored on a point system. A score over eight indicates an alcohol problem. The disadvantage is that it takes longer to administer and is more difficult to score than the shorter tests. The RAPS4 Test The Rapid Alcohol Problems Screen Test (RAPS) asks questions similar to the CAGE test, but from a different perspective. One yes answer indicates a possible alcohol abuse problem. The results are accurate across gender and ethnic groups. The MAST Test The Michigan Alcohol Screening Test (MAST) effectively diagnoses adults and adolescents. It has 22 yes or no questions, with six positive responses indicating a drinking problem. The disadvantage is the length and time required to score it.   The FAST Test The FAST test is a four-question quiz designed specifically for patients in urgent care or emergency room situations. The test is easy to score, but only detects 90% of alcohol problems detected by the AUDIT test. Paddington Alcohol Test The Paddington Alcohol Test (PAT) is for patients getting treatment for falls and accidents in the emergency room. This three-questions test is easy to score. The disadvantage is that it asks direct questions about how much alcohol the patient consumes, which patients tend to minimize or deny. The SAAST Test The Self-Administered Alcoholism Screening Test (SAAST) is a 35-question test that  asks questions about the patients loss of control, job performance, drinking consequences, and family history of alcoholism. One major advantage is that there is a version of the test a loved one can fill out. How a CDT Test Detects Dangerous Alcohol Consumption

Diabetes Mellitus Essays - 1805 Words

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar (glucose) levels, which result from defects in insulin secretion, or action, or both. Diabetes mellitus Diabetes is a chronic medical condition, meaning that although it can be controlled, it lasts a lifetime. Individuals are normally capable of digesting carbohydrates, in particular those most common in food; starch, and some disaccharides such as sucrose, are converted within a few hours to simpler forms such as the monosaccharide glucose, the principal carbohydrate energy source used by the body. Insulin is released into the blood by beta cells, located in the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, in response to rising levels of blood glucose, usually†¦show more content†¦In relation to other possible causes of Type 1 diabetes, Emedicine Health states that â€Å"Environmental factors, including common unavoidable viral infections, may also contribute. Type 1 diabetes is most common in people of non-Hispanic, Northern European descent, followed by African Americans, and Hispanic Americans. It is relatively rare in those of Asian descent. Type 1 diabetes is slightly more common in men than in women† (Emedicine Health, 2011, para. 3). Type 2 diabetes is a genetic condition and runs in families that have a positive family history of this condition. American Heart Association states, â€Å"This type of diabetes can occur under two different circumstances: the pancreas doesnt make enough insulin, or the body develops insulin resistance and cant make efficient use of the insulin it makes† (American Heart Association, 2010). In relation to possible risk factors of type 2 diabetes Emedicine Health declares â€Å"Risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes include the following: high blood pressure, high blood triglyceride (fat) levels, gestational diabetes or giving birth to a baby weighing more than 9 pounds, high-fat diet, high alcohol intake, sedentary l ifestyle, obesity or being overweight† (Emedicine Health, 2011, para. 4). Aging is also a significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes; risk begins to increase significantly atShow MoreRelated Diabetes Mellitus2127 Words   |  9 PagesDiabetes refers to a set of several different diseases. It is a serious health problem throughout the world and fourth leading cause of death by disease in the country. All types of diabetes result in too much sugar, or glucos in the blood. To understand why this happens it would helpful if we understand how the body usually works. When we eat, our body breaks down the food into simpler forms such as glucose. The glucose goes into the bloodstream, where it then travels to all the cells in yourRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus ( Diabetes )1215 Words   |  5 PagesDiabetes mellitus (â€Å"diabetes†) is composed of two types of diabetes, Type 1 and Type 2. Both types of diabetes affect how ones body uses blood sugar (â€Å"glucose†). Glu cose is vital to an individual’s health. Glucose is an important source of energy used by the cells that make up muscles, and it also serves as the brain’s main source of fuel (American Diabetes Association, 2005). There are numerous causes of diabetes, however everyone afflicted with the disease has too much glucose in their blood. TooRead MorePathophysiology Of Diabetes Mellitus And Diabetes Essay1189 Words   |  5 PagesPathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Mellites(DM), is a deficiency of insulin action causing hyperglycemia. The majority of DM have a decreased secretion of the cells, insulin resistance, or counterregulatory hormones( McPhee Hammer, 2010). Insulin is synthesized from the beta cells from the pancreases. Composed from A peptide and B peptide connected to C peptide and disulfide bonds. Insulin is a hormone that aids in metabolism. encourages glucose uptake and the synthesis works mainlyRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : A Type Of Diabetes1369 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Gestational Diabetes Mellitus is a type of diabetes that was first discovered during pregnancy. According to Canadian Diabetes Association (2015), three to twenty percent of women develop Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). GDM is a result of increased insulin resistance or glucose intolerance. Incidence of GDM varies by age, body weight, and ethnicity. Canadian Diabetes Association (2015) mentioned that individuals who are at greater risk include women over 35 years of age, womenRead MoreEssay on Diabetes Mellitus1381 Words   |  6 Pages1. Discuss the pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic condition in which the body has the inability to produce insulin or react normally to insulin. The pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus is extremely complex, as diabetes mellitus is characterized by different types but share common symptoms and complications. Diabetes mellitus is classified in two types: Type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Although the disease is characterized by different etiologiesRead MoreDiabetes Of Diabetes Mellitus ( Dm )1175 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar levels over an extended period of time. With symptoms including increased urination, thirst, and hunger, diabetes is mainly due to loss of insulin production in the pancreas or lack of response to insulin produced. As of 2015, nearly 415 million people worldwide have diabetes with the three main types being Type 1, Type 2, and gestational. 90% of all diabetes cases are Type 2 (T2D) which isRead MoreType 1 Diabetes Mellitus And Mellitus1711 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is a disease that occurs when insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas are damaged or are being destroyed (Mahan, Escott-Stump Raymond, 2012). The gradual destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas usually leads to complete insulin deficiency, which ultimately manifests itself in the following symptoms at clinical onset: â€Å"high blood glucose (hyperglycemia), frequent urination (polyuria), excessive thirst (polydipsia), and a significant amount of weightRead More Diabetes Mellitus Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pages Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic condition which afflicts millions of people around the world. It is related to the insulin hormone, which is secreted by cells in the pancreas, regulates the level of glucose in the bloodstream and supports the body with breaking down the glucose to be used as energy. In someone who has diabetes, the body doesn’t produce enough insulin or cells don’t respond to the insulin that is p roduced. There are three main types of diabetes, type 1, type 2, and gestationalRead MoreDiabetes : Diabetes Mellitus ( Dm ) Essay2066 Words   |  9 Pages Diabetes Diabetes mellitus commonly known as diabetes is a metabolic disease in which there are high blood glucose levels (blood sugar levels) over a period of time. In addition, it is the failure of either the pancreas not producing enough insulin or the cells of the body not responding properly to the insulin produced. There are two chronic types of Diabetes Mellitus; one is known as Type one Diabetes Mellitus (DM) which is the body’s inability to produce insulin (a hormone) thatRead MoreThe Treatment Of Diabetes Mellitus1088 Words   |  5 Pagestreatment of diabetes is dependent on its type and its severity, insulin, exercise, and a diabetic diet is used to treat type 1 diabetes, whiles type 2 diabetes is initially controlled with weight loss, type 2 diabetic diet and physical activity; when these initiatives fail to balance elevated blood sugars, oral medications are prescribed and if that proves few futile then insulin and multiple injectable medications are introduced (M edicinenet2). One cannot prevent type 1 diabetes; however, one

Cognitive Coaching - 1394 Words

The Effects of Cognitive Coaching on Education and in Supporting Teacher Leadership â€Å"Creating a profession of teaching in which teachers have the opportunity for continual learning is the likeliest way to inspire greater achievement for children, especially those for whom education is the only pathway to survival and success† (Sumner, 2011, p. 10). Educators today are required to have a different set of skills to effectively prepare students to be global competitors in the workplace. Educators cannot make these alterations in teaching methodology and instructional delivery without support. Coaches support and encourage teachers, improve teacher strategies, promote teacher reflection, and focus on desired outcomes (Sumner, 2011). A key†¦show more content†¦Cognitive Coaching Supporting Teacher Leadership Cognitive coaching allows teachers to take ownership of their professional development by encouraging them to be accountable of their cognitive learning process. The self-reflection that is involved in cognitive coaching coupled with professional vision enables teachers to become a catalyst of change both in the classroom and beyond. Patti amp; Holzer (2012) stated: The coaching relationship provides a safe haven for mindful attention to self-change in the areas of self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and relationship management. It is through this individual process that the teacher and administrative leader positively impact the culture and climate of the classroom and school (p. 270). Every teacher has the capabilities to improve their knowledge and skill and cognitive coaching affords the opportunity of exploration into one’s self, challenging old beliefs and habits, emerging a better, stronger leader. Leadership is not mobilizing others to solve problems we already know how to solve, but to help them confront problems that have never yet been successfully addressed (Fullan, 2007). The reflection learned through cognitive coaching helps develop problem-solving skills as teachers examine their experience, generate alternatives, and evaluate actions. Educators need to model riskShow MoreRelatedLife Coaching : A Cognitive Behavioral Approach Essay1163 Words   |  5 Pagesmay not think that his book is for life coaching, since it is but rather centered around future issues concentrating on the issues you have in the present that are thwarting you from concentrating on future objectives. One has to focus on the present issues at hand before you can center your attention on the future and that is what this book does. 4MAT Review: Life Coaching: A cognitive behavioural approach Summary In the book Life Coaching: A Cognitive behavioural approach written by authorsRead MoreCognitive Coaching: A New Approach to Building Effective Teacher Leaders1482 Words   |  6 PagesCognitive Coaching A New Approach to Building Effective Teacher Leaders 2/28/2013 Nicole L. Winsley | A New Approach to Mentoring A newly licensed teacher walks into her empty classroom on the first day of school. She has her curriculum guide, her pacing calendar, her unit instructional plan, and her lesson plans for the first week. She has her copies made and in her mind she has stored the countless hours’ worth of instruction she received for four years. The bell rings, and it is timeRead MoreThe Benefits And Possibilities Of Coaching And Teacher Mentoring Essay1325 Words   |  6 Pagesand possibilities of coaching and teacher mentoring, as well as to familiarize you with an overview of three specific coaching models. These will include cognitive coaching, literacy coaching, and differentiated coaching, each of which have their own unique set of strengths and weaknesses. The coaching process and experience can help the school in countless ways, starting with the teachers and trickling down to the students. According to (Mentoring, 2016, p. 1), â€Å"Peer coaching can bring about a betterRead MoreR eflection Of My Own Personal Development1637 Words   |  7 Pages1. Within Sports Coaching Literature, it has been established that reflection is a generic term for intellectual and effective activities, in which individuals examine their experiences, in order to develop new understanding and intrapersonal appreciation (Knowles, et al., 2006). Research in this field has advocated reflective practice as an approach to professional development which positively impacts coaching effectiveness (Cropley, et al., 2012). This reflective report shall discuss, analyse andRead MoreCoaching Across Cultures : A Paradigm Shift1426 Words   |  6 PagesCulture Coaching across cultures is a paradigm shift, an enlargement of coaching that adapts a broader view to help leaders be successful in a global environment (Rosinski, 2003). An organizations culture represents its unique characteristics e.g. observable behaviors, unrealized norms, values and beliefs. Schein (1985) defines organizational culture as: The deeper level of basic assumptions and beliefs that are shared by members of an organization, that operate unconsciously, and that defineRead MoreRelationship Between Ethical And Abusive Coaching Behaviors And Student Athlete Well Being1188 Words   |  5 PagesThe study â€Å"The Relationship Between Ethical and Abusive Coaching Behaviors and Student-Athlete Well-Being† was conducted by Mariya A. Yukhymenko-Lescroart, Michael E. Brown, and Thomas S. Paskus, and was published in the journal Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology. The researchers sought to understand the effects that a coach’s behavior had on a student’s morals, satisfaction, and impressions of team unity. Social-cognitive theory has long thought that we learn by imitating those around usRead MoreBlended Coaching Essay1804 Words   |  8 PagesBlended Coaching Book Review Charmaine Smith Coppin State University This is a well written, easy to read practical guide to coaching principals and other school leaders. It contains many examples of different coaching styles for the education sector. The authors offer a fresh approach to professional development of leadership. Blended Coaching provides research and theory for the readers with practical skills and strategies for leadership coaching which is connected to the needs of principalsRead MoreThe Coach : A Review On Managerial Coaching1307 Words   |  6 Pageswell-executed coaching plan. Coaching is an ongoing, collaborative process. It involves observing, complimenting, and seeking opportunities for improvement. The first goal of coaching is to establish trust between the manager and subordinate (Southwell, 2015, Unit 7). â€Å"Coaching, defined as the facilitation of individual learning within an organization, is vital to the growth of organizational learning† (Hagen, 2010, p. 791). In the article â€Å"The wisdom of the coach: A review of managerial coaching in theRead MoreTeaching And Coaching As A Philosophy2275 Words   |  10 Pagesa prerequisite to good practice’ (Cassidy et al, 2008, p.55) throughout this essay I hope to reflect on my increasing knowledge foundation in teaching and coaching and how it has successfully developed and been applied to my philosophy as a coach. I believe it is most important to understand the similarities and nuances of teaching and coaching when developing a philosophy. The basic assumption of helping individuals learn a skill or develop an understanding applies to both characters, although,Read MoreCoaching Is A Challenging, But Very Rewarding Job.A Coach947 Words   |  4 PagesCoaching is a challenging, but very rewarding job. A coach is a teacher, mentor and a student all at the same time. They are expected to coach all types of students from various backgrounds no matter what, if they don’t produce they are seen as being ineffective and will be replaced by another coach. As a coach, I have learned that occasionally I had to step out of my comfort zone in order to reach my players. I believe in hard work if we are going to do something we are going to be all in until

Toyota Company Analysis Free Essays

Toyota Motor Company has been a strong competitor in the global automobile market since its inception in 1937. Today Toyota has become a globally recognized brand and has won the coveted spot as the worlds top selling auto manufacturer, with 17% total market share. Despite many challenges Toyota has remained relatively financially stable consistent with the SP 500 and continues to provide low cost high efficiency vehicles appealing to various demographics with the implementation of a high end luxury line (Lexus) as well as a line catering towards the younger market (Scion). We will write a custom essay sample on Toyota Company Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Toyota Motor Company  prides itself on the successful implementation of a lean manufacturing system including a one of a kind just in time production system. The success of their inventory management and strong supply chain is apparent through their strong sales to inventory ratio and inventory turnover average between 10 to 15 days. Toyota has also exhibited consistently positive EVA rates which indicates high efficiency and value per capital. Although this practice has cut costs for the company, it has also affected sales in a negative light. In 2010 and 2011 when natural disasters hit the areas of their suppliers, Toyota did not have enough parts to complete necessary purchase orders and keep up with consumer demand. For this reason the sales figures from those years are lower than what they were anticipated to be. Despite  these challenges, investors should maintain confident in the efficiency of their invested capital in Toyota, represented by a continuously rising ROE in comparison to its competitors. Toyotas  dividend yield ratio is very attractive to investors as well with 1. 3% compared to the industry average of 1. 1% despite a significant drop in 2008. When looking at the auto industry, investors should take into consideration that Toyota remains competitive despite not receiving the government bailouts provided to the American manufacturers. Toyota features various threats specifically their slow pace in innovation and structure reform. Another notable area of concern is the diminishing market share of their high end line Lexus. Despite these threats Toyotas earning expansion is at an all time high. A focal point of consideration of many analysts and investors is the volatility of the Yen. When looking at Toyotas 1 year growth of -2. 6% which is heavily understated due to the volatility of the Yen, which has effected consumer behavior as well as purchasing power. With the value of the Yen becoming less powerful, Toyota has the opportunity to leverage this to their advantage through relationships with suppliers and improved export profitability. The future success of Toyota will depend on whether or not they are able to keep up with the fuel economy and safety features of other manufacturers. If they are able to do this effectively while also reducing costs using advantages from the diminishing value of the Yen the outlook for this company looks very positive for potential investors. How to cite Toyota Company Analysis, Essay examples

Steps to Manage Domestic Waste Responsibly. free essay sample

Nowadays, the generation of domestic waste which is increasing from days to days has become a serious problem for our country, Malaysia. The rapid development of our country and rapid growth of population in our country have caused the problem of increasing domestic waste. It is due to the rapid development of industrial sector in our country, industrial sector has created more and more industrial waste and domestic waste during the industrial process. Due to this reason, our country has to face with the challenge of domestic waste problem in our country. There was once a study that showed that the generation of domestic waste in our country has been increasing from days to days. Besides, it also showed that each Malaysian produced an average of 0. 8 kilogram of rubbish everyday in usual life. Nowadays, Malaysian produce 19 000 tonne of domestic waste everyday and the amount of domestic waste is predicted to be increased to 30 000 tonne on 2020. We will write a custom essay sample on Steps to Manage Domestic Waste Responsibly. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Let us imagine the situation if there was 10 000 tonne of rubbish has been produced everyday in our country and we did not carry out the management of domestic waste responsibly. Doubtlessly , our country would be fulled with the rubbish if we do not carry out the management of domestic waste effectively and responsibly. Do you understand the definition of the domestic waste? Domestic waste is the waste which is produced through our usual life and it is also known as household waste. Next, domestic waste is the factory waste such as oil, toxic waste, factory waste and etc. Domestic waste can be categorized into 2 groups. First group is organic waste while the second group is inorganic waste. The examples of organic waste are food waste, papers, textiles, rubber, wood and farm waste while glass , tin, aluminum , metal and plastic are the examples for inorganic waste. There are some domestic waste contain toxic substances and the toxic wastes will give negative impacts to humans and affect the environment. Before I explain about the steps to manage the domestic waste responsibly, I would like to explain the reasons of why we must carry out the management of domestic waste responsibly. First and foremost, we have to carry out the management of domestic waste responsibly because lots of problem and negative effect will appear and thus ruin the environment and living things in the earth if the management of the domestic waste has been carried out irresponsibly. The increasing domestic waste production has caused landfill problem and environment pollution. As an example, there are some irresponsible people who throw domestic waste into water sources like rivers. The irresponsible and irrational way has caused the rivers become more shallow and the rivers flow will be affected. During raining season, floods will occur more easily in the shallow rivers as the rivers cannot accommodate the big amount of rain water. Besides, the domestic wastes pollute the rivers and then threaten the aquatic life in the rivers such as fishes. Next, there are some people manage domestic wastes through the way of open burning. Open burning of domestic wastes pollutes the air, because it will release poisonous gases which are unhealthy for all the living things. Moreover, domestic wastes such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and sulphur may cause soil pollution if the wastes are left on the lands. The domestic wastes will cause the soil to become infertility and the soil is no longer suitable for the growth of plants. The polluted soil is not suitable for agriculture uses because the toxic substances contained in the soil will harm the plants and other living things which live in that area. Next, the disposal of domestic waste can cause the formation of acid rains. When the sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide in the domestic wastes have been released into the air, these gases have reacted with water vapour in the atmosphere and thus form sulphuric acids and nitric acids. Acid rains is harmful and it kills plants and aquatic life. This paragraph has clearly showed that the irresponsible disposal and management of domestic waste disrupt the nature balance of ecosystem and cause a lot of problem. To avoid all the problems and negative effects that have been mentioned above from occurring, authorities has set up a Strategic Plan for Solid Waste Management (Pelan Strategik Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Kebangsaan in Malay). Through the plan, more landfills have been built to manage the domestic waste. Besides, more transfer stations which are well equipped with the complete system have been built to save times and energy in colleting the domestic waste. The authorities gives priority to the ways which can reduce the domestic waste in our country. The authorities carries out inspection regularly to ensure that the management of domestic waste is carried out responsibly and completely. Besides, the government also set up two separate entities, namely National Solid Waste Management Department (Jabatan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Negara in Malay), as the regulatory and policy making body and Solid Waste Management and Public Cleansing (Perbadanan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal dan Pembersihan Awam in Malay) as the executing agencies in managing the domestic waste and industrial solid waste in our country. Lastly, the authorities will make sure that the companies and contractors of domestic waste management carry out the management of domestic waste responsibly. They will make sure that only the responsible companies and contractors can get licenses for domestic waste management. Moreover, recycling of recyclable domestic waste is one of the suitable ways to manage domestic waste. Examples of recyclable domestic waste are papers, tin, aluminum and etc. Recycling of domestic wastes actually has been practiced by other developed countries like Japan and Taiwan, but the idea of recycling still new at Malaysia and not many people know its benefits. Recycling rate in developing countries like Malaysia is 5 percent , while the recycling rate in developed countries such as Japan has reached more than 40 percent. So that, we should take the good example from other countries and practice the habit of recycling in our daily life. Wastes like old newspaper can be reprocessed into papers and tissue papers, while used water bottles can be reprocessed to fill drinking water. Recycling of domestic waste not only can reduce the domestic waste produced, it can also reduce the effect of waste pollution to the environment. By reducing the amount of waste produced, management cost of domestic waste will be cut down. Next, more landfills can be used for other purpose such as construction. The statements mentioned above have clearly showed that recycling is the responsible way for management of domestic waste, because it will not cause any negative effect to the environment. In addition, technologies of thermal treatment has been used in our country to manage domestic waste. Our country uses thermal treatment in managing domestic waste because it is based on the concept of recycling and able to solve the problems that are related to landfills problem. Environment friendly plants have been used to dispose the domestic waste produced. The process will not release furan or dioxin. Besides, the process generates energy from the domestic waste and do not release any unpleasant smell during the process. Incinerators have been used in the process to manage the domestic waste effectively and responsibly. The combustion of waste by using incinerator involves the degeneration of waste through oxidation. The process can reduce the amount of domestic waste and the reduction in the amount of waste is 90 percent while the weight will be reduced to 75 percent. The combustion process can be used to process many types of waste such as industrial waste and toxic waste. The waste will be modified into carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, water and ash through the combustion process. Besides, the process is an oxidation process which uses the high temperature to change the organic waste and flammable waste into inorganic waste and nonflammable waste. The process gives the significant effect in reducing the capacity and the weight of domestic waste and it can be used to process the waste that can’t be recycled, reused or disposed in landfills. This paragraph has showed the importances of incinerators in managing domestic waste responsibly and effectively. The following step to manage domestic waste is composting. Composting is a nature way in decomposing the organic waste such as food waste and farm waste. During the process, microorganisms react with organic substance in wastes. The process is known as composting and the final product is compost fertilizer, the compost fertilizer is used for the growth of plants. Besides, the process of composting can make use of food waste and farm waste instead of disposing them in landfills. There was once a study showed that the domestic waste which is produced in developing countries is more suitable for composting if compared to other advanced countries. It is because the domestic waste of developing countries contains more organic substances. Although composting is an effective way in managing domestic waste, but not all the domestic waste can be processed through composting. Only the organic wastes such as food wastes and farm wastes can be processed into compost fertilizer. The above statements have explained that composting can manage the domestic waste responsibly and effectively. Moreover, we do not need to provide a large sums of money in composting of domestic waste and it is easy to be carried out in our usual life. In addition, the step of domestic waste management is based on 3R concept . The 3R concept is reduce, reuse and recycle. Since I have explained the recycling of domestic waste in the fourth paragraph, so that I will continue my explanation about reduce and reuse. Reduce and reuse are actually the suitable ways in managing the domestic waste in our daily life. Reduce means reducing the production of domestic waste in our daily life. For example, reducing the usage of plastic bags can reduce the production of domestic wastes. Next, reuse means reusing the wastes for other purposes. For example, water bottle can be reused as a pencil box. Since the 3R concept is able to manage domestic waste effectively, thus it should be practiced by all of us in our daily life. The good habit of recycle, reuse and reduce should be practiced by our young generation since they are still young, so that 3R concept can be carried out successfully in managing domestic waste and solve all the problems that are related to domestic waste. In the nutshell, many problems and negative effects will appear if the domestic waste management is not carried out effectively and responsibly. We should know that the domestic waste problems are complicated problems and they are extremely important for our country. Let us imagine the situation if the authorities do not manage domestic waste responsibly, what would happen to our country which is clean and beautiful now? The cleanliness and image of our country would be affected for sure. Thus, authorities has to carry out all the effective ways in managing domestic waste responsibly before the serious problems arise. However, all of us must realize that the task of managing domestic waste is not only the responsibility of government and authorities, the responsibility lies on the shoulder of all parties like government and non- government parties (NGO). All parties should cooperate with each other in managing the domestic waste responsibly and strike hard to solve any domestic waste problem. As a responsible citizen, what we should do is support our government’ s effort in managing of domestic waste to make sure our country is always clean and free from any domestic waste problems.